Page 90 – LIFE

Animals That Were Among the First to Be Considered Endangered

January 15, 2020February 20, 2015 by

In 2015 the Oregon chub was removed from the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Animals, becoming the first fish ever to shed its endangered status. When it was placed on the list in 1993, there were fewer than 1,000 of the minnow species left. At the time of removal there were more than 140,000.

In the years since the first official list of threatened and endangered species was published in 1967, 28 species have been recovered, 10 have become (or were discovered to already be) extinct, and more than 2,000 species have joined the original 78.

Though the notion of extinction entered public awareness at the turn of the 20^th century and the federal government began taking steps to protect certain species then, it wasn’t until the 1960s that environmental activism pressured the government to be more proactive in identifying and taking measures to protect threatened species. The first significant piece of legislation, the Endangered Species Protection Act, was passed in 1966, followed by an amendment in 1969 and a reworking in the 1973 Endangered Species Act.

Liz Ronk edited this gallery for LIFE.com. Follow her on Twitter at @LizabethRonk.

Henry, a 12-pound orangutan at the St. Louis zoo, woke from a nap in his incubator.

Nina Leen The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Orangutan, 1964.

Nina Leen The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Oryx, 1964.

Nina Leen The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Okapi, San Diego zoo, 1964.

Nina Leen The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Ocelot, 1964.

Nina Leen The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Hilda, the 15-year-old grande dame of the Detroit zoo’s bears, cradled her latest set of twins, her fourth pair.

Nina Leen The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Growling hungrily, polar bears at Detroit’s zoo waited for their next meal while one impatient female rose on her hind legs for a better look.

Nina Leen The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Przewalski’s wild horses, believed extinct in their habitat on the Mongolian steppes, were being bred at the Catskill Game Farm, a private zoo in Catskill, N.Y.

Nina Leen The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Tusk to tusk, two white rhinos eyed each other at the Oklahoma zoo. The largest of all rhinos, they came from Zululand in South Africa where only 300 survived.

Nina Leen The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Whooping Crane, 1964.

Nina Leen The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Cheetahs at a zoo in Oklahoma, 1964.

Nina Leen The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Cheetahs at an Oklahoma zoo, 1964.

Nina Leen The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Koala, 1964.

Nina Leen The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Two young tortoises crawled by a 500-pound, century-old adult at the San Diego zoo.

Nina Leen The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Bongos, a kind of antelope, at a zoo in Cleveland, 1964. At the time they were the only pair in captivity.

Nina Leen The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Pygmy Hippos, 1964.

Nina Leen The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Pygmy hppos at the Washington zoo, 1964.

Nina Leen The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Tapir, 1964.

Nina Leen The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

See Photos of Love and Courtship in 1950s Japan

January 15, 2020February 13, 2015 by

Boy meets girl. Boy and girl fall in love. Boy and girl get married, buy a house and have (on average) 2.2 children. This may have been a common story for heterosexual couples in America in the 1950s, but when LIFE dispatched John Dominis to capture love and marriage in post-war Japan, he found a landscape undergoing a significant transformation.

Before the war, most marriages in Japan were arranged by the bride’s and groom’s parents. Men and women rarely spent much time together prior to the wedding, let alone took part in anything that might qualify as “dating.” But during the Allied occupation of Japan from the end of World War II until 1952 the ubiquity of the American soldier’s courtship rituals jump-started the Westernization of love and marriage in Japan.

Whether accompanied by their visiting wives, Japanese girlfriends or prostitutes known as “pan pan girls,” American soldiers modeled the behavior they knew from home: public displays of affection and leisure time spent with women at cafés, parks or the movies. And inside those movie theaters, American movies offered even more examples of Western mating rituals to a Japanese public at once hesitant and intrigued by the bold behaviors of their American counterparts.

In his photographs—which never ran in LIFE—Dominis captured a moment when the new had caught on, but the old had not yet been forgotten. The young couples he photographed in 1959 were living on the edge of modernity, but still holding onto many of the the traditions long followed by their culture.

Notes written by Dominis and someone who appears to be an assistant that accompanied the dozens of rolls of film he shot provide insight into the song and dance (sometimes literal) in which the young lovers engaged. Some met by chance, others in settings tailor-made for matchmaking.

One of these settings was the “Shibui” dance, run by a man of the same name. For $2.50, young men and women could attend a night of dinner and dancing with the express purpose of introducing eligible bachelors to single young women. Upon arrival, new members bowed to one another and offered the greeting “yoroshiku,” described as “a very loose greeting which is used to fit any situation and in this case meaning “I hope I can find a mate among you.” During dinner, partygoers were expected to “learn proper manner of eating western food.” If a young man found a young woman intriguing, he was not allowed to leave with her. Instead, he would tell Mr. Shibui, who would then arrange a date if the feelings were mutual.

One young couple, Akiksuke Tsutsui and Chiyoko Inami, met when Chiyoko, who worked at a bank in the same building as Akiksuke’s father’s clothing shop, began frequenting the shop during breaks. When Akiksuke brought Chiyoko to meet his family after several outings to the beach, cafés, beer halls and department stores his siblings welcomed her in ways that reflected the changing times. His younger brother showed off his Western knowledge by demonstrating how to swing a baseball bat and singing a rockabilly song. His sisters, meanwhile, sang Chiyoko Japanese folk songs.

Before meeting Akiksuke, Chiyoko had had five meetings with potential husbands, all arranged by her family. During these meetings, the young man and woman walked past each other in a Japanese garden, catching a quick glimpse of their potential mate, and delivering a decision to a go-between. Chiyoko had declined them all.

Dominis also photographed Takahide Inayama and Mitsuyo Ogama, two university students in their early 20s. The pair met six months prior, at Takahide’s house, when a friend of his brother’s brought her to a party there. Takahide and Mitsuyo, in a better financial position than some of the others, led Dominis to make an observation about class and marriage. “Most couples in Tokyo just can’t afford to get married until the guy is around 30 unless they both work or he has an exceptional job, or there is money in the family,” he wrote. “These kids go out with other couples and act more or less like you would expect western young lovers to act.”

While the photographs capture the increasing normalization of modern Western customs in Japan, they also exhibit the excitement and tenderness of being allowed to choose a privilege which, of course, includes the right to opt out. “Two of the couples have since broken up,” reads a note from the files, “and are being shy about letting us know whether they have taken up with new friends.”

AnRong Xu, who edited this gallery, is a contributor to LightBox. Follow him on Instagram @Anrizzy.

A young couple on a date in a cafe in Tokyo.

John Dominis The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

A Shibui dance function in Tokyo where young people would go to meet other young people in hopes of finding a partner.

JOHN DOMINIS THE LIFE PICTURE COLLECTION/GETTY IMAGES

A young couple walked around in the Ginza district of Tokyo. 1959.

JOHN DOMINIS THE LIFE PICTURE COLLECTION/GETTY IMAGES

Akiksuke Tsutsui, left, bid his girlfriend, Chiyoko Inami, farewell as her train departed. March 1959.

JOHN DOMINIS THE LIFE PICTURE COLLECTION/GETTY IMAGES

Akiksuke Tsutsui, left, and his girlfriend Chiyoko Inami, right, walked around in the Ginza district during their lunch hour. March 1959.

JOHN DOMINIS THE LIFE PICTURE COLLECTION/GETTY IMAGES

Nohito Mukai, left, and his girlfriend, Hiroko Inayaki, went roller skating on a date in Tokyo. March 1959.

JOHN DOMINIS THE LIFE PICTURE COLLECTION/GETTY IMAGES

Hiroko Inayaki, left, went for a drive with her boyfriend, Nohito Mukai. March 1959.

JOHN DOMINIS THE LIFE PICTURE COLLECTION/GETTY IMAGES

Takahide Inayama (Age 20), left, and his girlfriend, Mitusyo Ogama (age 20), both were university students. Here they were picking out apples on a date near their university.

JOHN DOMINIS THE LIFE PICTURE COLLECTION/GETTY IMAGES

Chiyoko Inami, left, and her boyfriend, Akiksuke Tsutsui, played a game on a train headed to Kyoto to meet Tsutsui’s family. March, 1959.

JOHN DOMINIS THE LIFE PICTURE COLLECTION/GETTY IMAGES

A young couple out on a date in Tokyo, 1959.

JOHN DOMINISÃ‘THE LIFE PICTURE COLLECTION/GETTY IMAGES

A young couple visited a bridge near the Imperial Palace, 1959.

JOHN DOMINIS THE LIFE PICTURE COLLECTION/GETTY IMAGES

A young couple took a “selfie” on a self-timer on their camera.

JOHN DOMINIS THE LIFE PICTURE COLLECTION/GETTY IMAGES

Chiyoko Inami, left, and her boyfriend, Akiksuke Tsutsui, right, shared an intimate moment on a date, March, 1959.

JOHN DOMINIS THE LIFE PICTURE COLLECTION/GETTY IMAGES

A young couple kissed on a date in a park in Tokyo, 1959.

JOHN DOMINISÃ‘THE LIFE PICTURE COLLECTION/GETTY IMAGES

See Photos of Vintage Coca-Cola Signs from New York City to Bangkok

January 5, 2024January 30, 2015 by

In 1891, Asa Candler bought a company for $2,300. That price tag in today’s dollars is closer to $60,000, but still, not a bad deal for a business that would gross a profit of more than $30 billion in 2014. During the early years, Candler focused his efforts on building his brand, offering coupons for free samples and distributing tchotchkes with the company’s logo on them. The aggressive marketing paid off. By 1895, a glass of [f500link]Coca-Cola[/f500link] could be found in every state in America.

By the time Henry Luce purchased LIFE Magazine in 1936, Coca-Cola was just years away from producing its billionth gallon of its trademark soda syrup. The pages of LIFE bubble with Coke ads, the first one appearing in 1937, and many issues included multiple invitations to “add zest to the hour” and take “the pause that refreshes.”

But LIFE was not only a purchaser of Coca-Cola advertising. LIFE’s photographers were also capturing the growing ubiquity of that Spencerian Script the looping, cursive font of Coke’s logo in places as far-reaching as Bangkok and the Autobahn. During the 1930s, the company had begun to set up bottling plants in other countries. But when General Eisenhower sent an urgent cable from North Africa in 1943, requesting that Coca-Cola establish more overseas bottling plants in order to boost soldiers” morale, the wheels were set in motion for rapid international expansion. Wartime saw the addition of 64 foreign plants to the existing 44, and post-war growth continued steadily.

The photos here depict not just the way Coke began to blend into international surroundings by the late 1960s, half of the company’s profits would come from foreign outposts but also the wide array of American locales and subcultures the brand was penetrating. Led by company president Robert Woodruff, whose term began in 1923, Coca-Cola’s vigorous marketing efforts found footholds for the brand from segregated country stores to New York City’s Columbus Circle to roadside stands in Puerto Rico.

Of the dozens of slogans Coca-Cola has had over the years, the one it debuted in 1945 was certainly aligned with the global domination the company had set its sights on. “Passport to refreshment” was not just a clever pun, but a sign of things to come.

Liz Ronk, who edited this gallery, is the Photo Editor for LIFE.com. Follow her on Twitter at @LizabethRonk.

Coca Cola, 1938

Margaret Bourke-White The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Coca-Cola, 1944

Marie Hansen The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

A Frenchman considers Coke’s allure in 1950.

Mark Kauffman The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

A Coke truck makes its rounds in 1950 France.

Mark Kauffman The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Coca-Cola sign, 1938

Margaret Bourke-White The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Coca Cola truck, 1950

Mark Kauffman The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Coca Cola sign 1947, Germany

Walter Sanders The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Coca Cola, 1938

Alfred Eisenstaedt The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Coca Cola, 1950

Dmitri Kessel The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Summer Days on Cape Cod, 1946

Cornell Capa The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Coca Cola 1943

THOMAS D. MCAVOY

Boy selling Coca Cola from roadside stand., 1936

Alfred Eisenstaedt The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

‘Wow, Quel Babes!’: American Teenagers in Paris in the 1950s

November 24, 2020January 29, 2015 by

LIFE proclaimed it “one of the world’s foremost colonies of displaced persons.” Its denizens, the magazine said, were a peculiar people who loved adventure, yet preferred “their own way of life.” They spoke their mother tongue among themselves, but sometimes fractured the local language with such abandon that natives risked being “startled by a bilingual ‘Wow, quel babe!'” In fact, locals thought this boisterous clan was “a little crazy,” in large part because they drank “so many Cokes.” The mad colonists were members of that most exotic of tribes: American teenagers. Numbering about 150, they had been transported to France mostly thanks to their fathers” jobs.

When LIFE dispatched Gordon Parks, a rising star among its staff photographers, to document the tribe’s rites and rituals in the early 1950s, teenagers were still a new and somewhat puzzling phenomenon. Earlier generations of human beings had not, of course, skipped the ages between 12 and 20. But few societies had recognized an intermediate step between childhood and adulthood. “Teenage” was an idea that emerged slowly in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as child labor declined, schooling lengthened and marriage came later and later. The very word entered common speech only in the 1940s. In 1952, when LIFE ran its story on the young Yanks of Paris, it was still spelling “teen-ager” with a hyphen.

Parks’ photographs captured the sports, gossiping and parties that made up a large part of the teenagers’ daily lives. Many captured them in the Paris of the American imagination on a streetcar in front of the Arc de Triomphe, at a sidewalk café on the Champs-Élysées and in the jazz club that occupied the “shadowy cellar” of the Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier.

The portraits that Parks made of the youth were miniature character studies. In all of the photographs, Parks’ presence is undetectable. It was as if his pictures made themselves. Readers could easily believe that they were privy to the teenagers’ most private moments.

LIFE’s sly, knowing text (the reporter was not named) pretended to reassure readers that Paris had not corrupted the teenagers by turning them into young Frenchmen and -women:

Neither boys nor girls think much of frogs’ legs, but they know every place in Paris that makes hamburgers and hot dogs and, while having a snack at a sidewalk café, are inclined to dream of the corner drugstore.

Among many cliques in Paris teen-age society, the best known is a group of girls, 15 to 18 years old, who named themselves the ‘Horrible Six’ when they got together early in the 1950 school term. They have a strict code of dress … Sloppy shoes are not tolerated, bobby sox are taboo. Girls must diet if dumpy, and chipped nail polish is forbidden.

By every girl’s admission, the goal is to keep the dates coming in Paris, build charm for college years in the U.S. and ultimately lead to a nice, home-grown marriage to the right man. Right now the girls don’t think that he’ll be a Frenchman.

Parks went on to become one of LIFE’s most celebrated photographers. His claim to greatness as a photographer rests on the many photo essays that he produced on the pressing issues of poverty and injustice. But Parks, like the magazine he worked for, had many sides. He loved the trappings of success the travel, the nearly unlimited expense account and the salary that catapulted him into the upper middle class. Like all of LIFE’s photographers, he could produce compelling pictures of hard news in the morning, and light-hearted frivolities in the afternoon.

The years that Parks spent in Paris were a turning point in his life. He was one of many African-Americans, from writers and musicians to cabbies and cooks, who experienced a freedom in the city that they had never found in the United States. He described this critical period in his 1990 memoir, Voices in the Mirror:

I needed Paris. It was a feast, a grand carnival of imagery, and immediately everything good there seemed to offer sublimation to those inner desires that had for so long been hampered by racism back in America. For the first time in my life I was relaxing from tension and pressure. My thoughts, continually rampaging against racial conditions, were suddenly becoming as peaceful as snowflakes. Slowly a curtain was dropping between me and those soiled years.

“I was moving through centuries of history, and not unaware of the possibility of its help in shaping my future. Being a part of it was like feeling at once young and old.”

Liz Ronk edited this photo gallery.

American teens in Paris 1952

Gordon Parks The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

44 First Lady Fashion Looks from Eleanor Roosevelt to Michelle Obama

January 14, 2022January 16, 2015 by

Michelle Obama probably has a long list of things she’d like to be remembered for like her initiatives to combat childhood obesity and promote higher education before she’s remembered for her sense of style. But with great responsibility comes great clothing, and the First Lady will certainly go down as the most fashionable woman in the White House since Jacqueline Kennedy.

Obama is known for choosing the patterned dress over the more subdued pantsuit, for baring her toned arms and perish the thought even wearing shorts. And there are some who argue that the choices she makes transcend personal expression and petty analysis and carry a certain amount of cultural significance.

“For some reason in this country there’s this false notion that style and substance have to occupy two separate worlds,” said fashion journalist Kate Betts in an interview with CNN, “and I think she’s proving that that’s wrong.”

According to Betts, author of Everyday Icon: Michelle Obama and the Power of Style, Obama’s style choices convey comfort (the occasional flats), confidence (feminine florals) and relatability (she shops at J. Crew). Her effortless looks, Betts wrote in the New York Times, make it “hard to imagine that there had ever been any dress code for her position.”

As these photos by LIFE photographers show, there hasn’t exactly been a dress code, though styles have historically erred on the conservative side (in terms of hem lines, not party lines). The first ladies’ fashions have both evolved with popular trends and helped to inspire them. Furs, seen on Eleanor Roosevelt, Bess Truman, Mamie Eisenhower and Lady Bird Johnson, have fallen out of favor in recent decades. Hats, from Truman’s rather vertical design to Kennedy’s pillbox style, are infrequently sported by recent first ladies. Leather, with the exception of Nancy Reagan, shown in 1968 before her First Lady days, has been far from a staple, whereas the simple pearl necklace continues to be a timeless, nonpartisan classic.

While Kennedy’s style was described by LIFE in 1961 as having “an almost deliberate plainness,” Obama does not shy away from a hint of flourish here and there. But she’s certainly not the first to indulge in a bit of flair. When working with a designer on her dress for the inauguration in 1953, Mamie Eisenhower had a few extra requests. “She specified pink and asked for some additional glitter.” Because even the White House no, especially the White House can use a little sparkle now and then.

Liz Ronk, who edited this gallery, is the Photo Editor for LIFE.com. Follow her on Twitter at @LizabethRonk.

Eleanor Roosevelt, 1937

Pictures Inc. The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Eleanor Roosevelt, 1937

Thomas D. McAvoy The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Eleanor Roosevelt, 1942

David E. Scherman The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Bess Truman, 1946

Marie Hansen The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Bess Truman, 1946

George Skadding The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Bess Truman, 1949

Francis Miller The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Mamie Eisenhower, 1948

Francis Miller The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Mamie Eisenhower, 1953

Nina Leen The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Mamie Eisenhower, 1958

Ed Clark The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Pat Nixon, Mamie Eisenhower, Lady Bird Johnson, Jackie Kennedy – 1961

George Silk The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Jackie Kennedy, 1960

Paul Schutzer The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Jackie Kennedy, 1962

Art Rickerby The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Lady Bird Johnson, 1961

Hank Walker The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Lady Bird Johnson, 1964

Stan Wayman The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Lady Bird Johnson, 1964

John Dominis The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Pat Nixon, 1952

Ralph Morse The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Pat Nixon, 1958

Hank Walker The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Pat Nixon, 1968

Arthur Schatz The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Pat Nixon, 1972

John Dominis The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Betty Ford, 1973

Alfred Eisenstaedt The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Rosalynn Carter, 1971

Stan Wayman The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Nancy Reagan, 1966

Bill Ray The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Nancy Reagan, 1967

Fred Lyon The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Nancy Reagan, 1968

Arthur Schatz The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Barbara Bush, 1971

Leonard McCombe The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Hillary Clinton, 1969

Lee Balterman The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

19 Hollywood Stars Who Never Won an Oscar

February 8, 2022January 15, 2015 by

When Oscar nominations are announced every year, the conversation turns quickly from who got nominated to who got snubbed. And people tend to react with more indignation over who’s missing than in celebration of who’s been recognized.

But the snub has been around since long before the age of Internet outrage, when gossip was relegated to soda fountains and opinions took days to make it from type-written notes to a Letters to the Editor page. And although we tend to associate Hollywood’s biggest stars with that bald, naked mini-man of gold, many of history’s most remembered actors and actresses never got their hands on a statuette.

On the actresses’ side, Marlene Dietrich, Ava Gardner and Dorothy Dandridge had to settle for nominations alone. Perhaps Natalie Wood and Jayne Mansfield would have been recognized eventually, had their lives not been cut so tragically short. Some actresses gave up a great deal for the roles that would leave them empty-handed. Janet Leigh, who was nominated for Psycho but didn’t win, spent the rest of her life afraid of the shower.

Among their male counterparts, things weren’t all bad. Richard Burton, nominated seven times for films including Becket (1964) and Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf (1966), was one of the highest-paid actors in the world at his peak. Peter Sellers, born in England, could take comfort in his two wins at the BAFTAs, Oscar’s cousin across the pond. And Steve McQueen could wipe his tears of dejection on that clean white t-shirt, though many, to be sure, preferred him without one at all.

Many repeated oversights were corrected, if not fully, with honorary Academy Awards doled out to stars in their golden years, although none of the actors and actresses pictured above even received one of those. For them, alas, money, fame, and a place in the annals of history would just have to suffice.

Natalie Wood, who received three nominations. Pictured at the Cannes FIlm Festival, 1962.

Paul Schutzer The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Steve McQueen, who was nominated once. Pictured here during motorcycle racing across the Mojave Desert, 1963.

John Dominis The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Rita Hayworth, 1945.

Bob Landry (The LIFE Picture Collection)

Jayne Mansfield, who was never nominated, though she once played violin in an orchestra performance at the Oscars. Pictured here posing with shapely hot water bottle likenesses floating around her in her pool, 1957.

Allan Grant The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Richard Burton, who was nominated seven times. Pictured relaxing with a book in Cantina while on location filming The Night of the Iguana, 1963.

Gjon Mili The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Erroll Flynn, who was never nominated. Pictured aboard his yacht Sirocco, 1941.

Peter Stackpole The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Lena Horne, shown here in Paris in 1947, was never nominated for an Oscar, though she was honored with a tribute at the 2011 Academy Awards.

Yale Joel The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Kim Novak, who was never nominated, though she presented at the 2014 awards. Pictured in the movie Jeanne Eagels, 1957.

J. R. Eyerman The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Tony Curtis, who was nominated once. Pictured with his Rolls Royce, 1961.

Ralph Crane The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Montgomery Clift, who was nominated four times. Pictired in Red River, 1948.

J. R. Eyerman The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Lana Turner, who was nominated once. Pictured here with John Garfield on Laguna Beach in a scene from The Postman Always Rings Twice, 1945.

Walter Sanders The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Dorothy Dandridge, who was nominated once, becoming the first African-American to be nominated for a leading role (1955). Pictured posing in costume for Tarzan’s Peril, 1951.

Ed Clark The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Douglas Fairbanks Jr., who was never nominated. Pictured in Sinbad, 1946.

Peter Stackpole The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Peter Sellers, played the piano at home with his wife, Britt Ekland, in Beverly Hills, 1964.

Allan Grant The LIFE Images Collection/Shutterstock

Marlene Dietrich, who was nominated once. Pictured in evening dress and hat during Pierre Ball, 1928.

Alfred Eisenstaedt The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Ava Gardner, who was nominated once. Pictured in One Touch of Venus, 1948.

J. R. Eyerman The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Janet Leigh, who was nominated once. Pictured posing in costume for Jet Pilot, 1950.

Ed Clark The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Robert Walker, who was never nominated. Pictured riding a tricycle with his two sons, 1943.

John Florea The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

Van Johnson, who was never nominated. Pictured duck hunting in a scene from the movie Early to Bed, 1945.

Martha Holmes The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

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Animals That Were Among the First to Be Considered Endangered

See Photos of Love and Courtship in 1950s Japan

See Photos of Vintage Coca-Cola Signs from New York City to Bangkok

‘Wow, Quel Babes!’: American Teenagers in Paris in the 1950s

44 First Lady Fashion Looks from Eleanor Roosevelt to Michelle Obama

19 Hollywood Stars Who Never Won an Oscar

The Mona Lisa’s One and Only Visit to America

The Devil You Don’t Know: Fashion Editor Carmel Snow

When the Movies Got Smaller

They Don’t Make Them Like This Anymore

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